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Last updated: 26 April 2026
For directors · Building management

Health & safety risk assessment. Wider than the FRA. Just as compulsory.

The H&S risk assessment covers everything fire risk does not. Communal lighting, trip hazards, lifts, Legionella in communal hot water, external lighting, car park safety. One half-day visit produces an action plan that protects directors and residents.

Statutory duty
Required under the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 and regulation 3 of the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999. The duty holder for the common parts of a block (freeholder, RTM, or RMC) must carry out and keep under review a suitable and sufficient risk assessment. Failure is a criminal offence prosecutable by HSE. Civil liability under the Occupiers' Liability Acts is separate and can be much more expensive than any HSE fine. In context: But the fix is bounded: annual H&S risk assessment typically £200-£600. Half a day on site. Annual review thereafter is mostly desk work.
What this means Your situation Price Suppliers Draft email Funding FAQ
What this actually means

Wider than the FRA. Same shape of compliance task.

The H&S risk assessment is a sister to the fire risk assessment. The FRA looks at fire only. The H&S RA looks at every other hazard a resident or visitor might encounter in the common parts: a wet floor, a faulty lift, Legionella in the communal hot water, a missing handrail, an unsafe path. Often the same site visit, often by a different specialist.

Typical cost

£200 to £800

For a residential block. Buildings with lifts, communal hot water systems, and external common parts (car parks, gardens) cost more because the scope is wider.

Time on site

Half a day

Walkthrough of all common areas, lift inspection (if present), water system inspection (if communal hot water), photos, hazard log. No flats entered.

Review frequency

Annual review

Re-read the assessment annually. Full re-inspection every 1 to 3 years, or sooner if there has been an incident or significant change to the building.

What it usually covers. Slips, trips, and falls (lighting, floor surfaces, stairs, handrails). Lifts (under LOLER, separately certified by an insurance engineer surveyor). Communal water systems (Legionella under HSG 274 Part 2 if you have communal hot water or cold water tanks). External hazards (paths, car parks, gates, gardens). Asbestos cross-reference (the H&S assessor reads the asbestos register and confirms the management actions are in place). Electrical safety cross-reference (reads the EICR). Welfare facilities for any cleaners or contractors regularly on site.

Your situation

Three versions of this gap.

Pick the one that matches you.

1. We have no H&S risk assessment

2 to 4 weeks

Common gap, particularly in self-managed blocks where directors think the FRA is enough. It is not. The HSE expects a documented H&S risk assessment for any non-domestic premises, which the common parts of a block of flats are.

What to do. Commission one using the calculator below. Use the supplier checklist to pick a competent assessor. Use the draft email to obtain three quotes. Output is a written report with a hazard log and prioritised action plan.

2. We have one but it is years old

1 to 2 weeks

The H&S RA must be reviewed annually. An assessment more than a year old is technically out of date, although a desktop review may be enough if nothing has changed.

What to do.
  • Find the original assessment and the action plan. Check the date.
  • Review the action plan: which actions were completed? Which are open?
  • If under 12 months old and nothing has changed, document the annual review (a one-page note) and close it.
  • If over 2 years old or anything has changed (works completed, incident, lift installed, hot water system altered), commission a re-inspection.

3. We have one with open high-priority actions

Plan and act

Open actions are evidence the duty holder knows about a hazard and has not fixed it. From an HSE or insurance perspective, this is worse than not having the assessment at all.

What to do.
  • Triage the open actions: which are immediate safety risks (loose handrail, blocked fire exit, ID/AR water sample)? These get done in days.
  • Schedule remaining actions over the next 30 to 90 days based on the assessor's priority bands.
  • Document completion. Take photos. Update the action plan.
  • For Legionella issues, follow HSG 274 Part 2 sampling and remediation protocols. Use a specialist water hygiene contractor.
  • For lift issues, the LOLER engineer (separate from your maintenance contract) must clear any defects.
Price

What a fair H&S RA quote looks like.

Cost scales with scope. A simple block (no lift, no communal hot water) is at the low end. Buildings with lifts and communal water systems run higher.

Pre-filled from your recent audit. Adjust anything that is not right.
Used to estimate per-leaseholder share.
Wider scope means longer time on site.
LOLER inspection is separate but the H&S RA reviews the regime.
Communal hot water requires Legionella risk assessment under HSG 274 Part 2.
London & SE quotes typically run higher.
Expected quote range (H&S risk assessment)
£400 to £640
Around £50 to £80 per leaseholder.
Section 20 not required
Per-leaseholder cost is well below the £250 threshold. Instruct directly and recover through your normal service charge.
See the Section 20 process →
All figures exclude VAT. Most UK property suppliers are VAT-registered and will add 20%; residential RMC/RTM companies usually cannot reclaim it, so factor it into the budget. Ranges are indicative only, based on published rates from IOSH and NEBOSH-qualified property H&S assessors as of April 2026. Always compare three written quotes. LOLER lift inspections (if applicable) are quoted separately and usually run £150 to £400 per inspection, every six months for a typical residential passenger lift; complex / hydraulic / multi-stop systems trend toward the upper end.
Where do these figures come from?
  • Competent assessor fees: IOSH (Institution of Occupational Safety & Health) member directory and published rate guidance, 2024–25. View source →
  • LOLER lift inspection ranges (£150–£400 per inspection): CraneCert UK Pricing Guide 2025. View source →
  • Legionella scope under HSG 274 Part 2: HSE: Legionnaires’ disease — The control of legionella bacteria in hot and cold water systems. View source →
  • Statutory basis: Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999, regulation 3. View source →

All figures are indicative ranges based on published rates checked April–May 2026. Always compare three written quotes for your specific building. Last reviewed for accuracy on the page legal-check date shown above.

Suppliers

How to pick a competent H&S assessor.

"Competent" is a defined term in the Management of H&S at Work Regs 1999. The qualifications and the property experience are both essential.

Find an IOSH or NEBOSH-qualified H&S assessor: Get three written quotes for any commissioned work. Verify accreditation numbers before instructing.

Accreditations to insist on

  • IOSH (Institution of Occupational Safety and Health) Tech IOSH or higher. IOSH membership.
  • NEBOSH National General Certificate or higher. NEBOSH qualifications.
  • Property H&S experience: ask for at least 12 months of recent assessments on residential blocks of similar size and scope. A generalist H&S consultant focused on workplaces will miss residential issues.
  • Membership of BIFM/IWFM (workplace and facilities management) is a positive signal but not essential.
  • For Legionella scope: the assessor or their sub-contractor should be a member of the Legionella Control Association.

What a good quote includes

  • Walkthrough of all common parts.
  • Hazard log with photographs and risk scoring (likelihood x severity).
  • Written report with a prioritised action plan.
  • Legionella sampling (if communal hot water) following HSG 274 Part 2.
  • LOLER regime review (if lift present) cross-referencing the lift maintenance and insurance inspection contracts.
  • The assessor's name, qualification, and professional indemnity cover.

Six questions to ask before you instruct

  1. What is your IOSH or NEBOSH qualification? If neither, walk away.
  2. How many residential blocks of similar size have you assessed in the last 12 months?
  3. Will the report include a prioritised action plan with target completion dates?
  4. For Legionella scope: are you (or your sub-contractor) a member of the Legionella Control Association?
  5. Will you cross-reference the existing fire risk assessment, asbestos register, and EICR?
  6. How quickly will the report be delivered after the site visit? More than 3 weeks without a reason is slow.
Draft email

Copy this. Fill the amber slots. Send it to three assessors.

Specifies the right scope, the right qualifications, and the right outputs. If a quote does not match, you have your answer.

Funding and recovery

How this gets paid for. Almost always under the S20 threshold.

An H&S risk assessment is a small annual cost in the context of the service charge. Recovery is straightforward.

Route 1: Within the normal annual service charge

Include the assessment in your annual service charge budget. Recover via your usual quarterly or half-yearly demands. Attach the invoice to the year-end accounts. The Section 21B summary of rights must accompany every demand.

Route 2: One-off compliance levy

If the reserve fund is empty and the assessment is overdue, issue a one-off demand. The demand must include the Section 21B summary or it is not legally enforceable. Safety-led demands are normally well received.

When Section 20 may apply

The assessment itself rarely triggers consultation. What can trigger it is the remedial work arising from the assessment: replacing handrails, redoing the entrance lighting, Legionella remediation, lift modernisation. Major remediation can run thousands or tens of thousands and almost always requires Section 20 consultation. See the Section 20 process.

Record it properly

Keep the assessment, action plan, and proof of completed actions on file permanently. Annual review note should also be on file. Notify the buildings insurer of any major remediation.

Common questions

Six things directors ask about H&S in a block of flats.

These answers are extracted so search engines and AI assistants can cite them directly.

Is a health and safety risk assessment the same as a fire risk assessment?
No. The fire risk assessment is specific to fire safety under the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005. The H&S risk assessment is wider and covers everything else: trips and falls, lighting, lifts (under LOLER), communal hot water (Legionella), external paths, car parks, asbestos cross-reference. You need both. They are usually carried out by different specialists.
Who does the H&S risk assessment for a block of flats?
A competent H&S risk assessor, typically IOSH or NEBOSH-qualified. For residential blocks, a specialist property H&S consultancy with experience in block management is the right fit. Generalist H&S firms (focused on workplaces) often miss the residential nuances.
What is a Legionella risk assessment?
A specific assessment of the risk of Legionella bacteria in any communal water system (communal hot water, cold water tanks, calorifiers, showers in communal areas). Required by the Health and Safety Executive under HSG 274 Part 2. Often included in the wider H&S risk assessment for blocks with communal hot water.
How often should the H&S risk assessment be reviewed?
At least annually, and immediately after any incident or significant change to the building. Full re-inspection is typically every 1 to 3 years depending on the assessor's recommendations and any changes to the building or use.
Who pays for the H&S risk assessment?
It is a legitimate service charge expense. Recover through the annual service charge with a Section 21B summary attached. Typical cost is well below the £250 per leaseholder Section 20 threshold for any normal block.
What is LOLER and does my lift need it?
LOLER is the Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998. Any lift used by people in a workplace context (including the common parts of a block of flats) requires a thorough examination by a competent person every six months. This is a separate inspection from the lift maintenance contract and from the H&S risk assessment, and is usually carried out by an insurance engineer surveyor (Allianz, Zurich, or similar).
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Next steps

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