Guides
Freeholder or leaseholder dispute I'm thinking of buying I'm a director — what am I liable for? I own the freehold of a converted house I want to take control of our building The leasehold map All 60+ guides
LEASE-iQ
LEASE-iQ overview Sign up (free)For commercial leases →
Talk to us
We use LEASE-iQ to do the work for you
More
Pricing About Try LEASE-iQ free →
Last reviewed: 2 May 2026 · Spot something wrong? Tell us and we'll fix it.
Pilot · Free

Talk to us.
We use LEASE-iQ to do the work for you.

Send your situation. LEASE-iQ reads every clause and we write the answer: a plain-English summary, the clause-cited analysis, and a ready-to-send letter. We run the QA stack and dispatch within 24 hours. Add an independent solicitor sign-off if the stakes are high. Leaseholders send a voice note. Directors send their audit output.

Pilot is free in exchange for 15 minutes of feedback. Information service, not legal advice.

How it works Pick your situation What you get back Choose your tier Who it's for For directors / freeholders FAQ Get started
How it works

Five steps. About 15 minutes of your time.

No accounts. No login. No typing. Find the right tier, pick the situation closest to yours, record a voice note answering the prompts, send it to us with your lease, and get the answer back the next day.

1

Find your tier

Four questions about your case in the calculator below. Tells you whether it's Stream 1, 2, or 3 in about 30 seconds. Jump to the calculator →

2

Pick your situation

Twelve common patterns: water leak, service charge, S20, lease extension and more. Each gives you the right diagnostic prompts. Three to nine minutes to record.

3

Record your voice note

WhatsApp voice note, Loom, or your phone's audio recorder. 8–12 minutes total.

4

Email us your lease

PDF of the lease, plus the recording and any supporting evidence (reports, photos, correspondence).

5

Get the answer and the letter

Within 24 hours. Plain-English summary, clause references, and a ready-to-send letter that addresses the specific dispute.

Step 1 in action: tell us your case in four clicks.

Pick the level on each axis that best matches your situation. The recommendation updates as you go. We'll run the same triage when we review your case, and if our reading differs, we'll tell you why in the Risks section of your deliverable.

How much could you lose or recover? ?The total £ figure that turns on this dispute: service charges in dispute, repair costs you may have to fund, the premium on a lease extension, or the value of works the freeholder is refusing to do. Pick the highest band that applies. SC = service charge.

Legal complexity ?How tangled the law is. Clear: one section of one Act applies (e.g. s.21B service charge demand). Mixed: two or more legal threads run together (demand validity AND reasonableness AND s.20B notice). Disputed: the freeholder is arguing back, points are unsettled in case law, or the lease wording is ambiguous.

How long has this been going on? ?Both the time the dispute has run AND how much correspondence has flown. A 5-year dispute with 30 emails sits very differently from a 1-month dispute with 2 emails. Pick the closest match.

Stage of escalation ?How far the dispute has travelled toward formal proceedings. Early: first letter, still gathering facts, no deadlines yet. Escalating: formal demands have been issued, deadlines stated, threats of forfeiture or court action mentioned. Formal: a First-tier Tribunal application, county court claim, or s.146 forfeiture notice is already in play.

Stream 1 Stream 1 (£50) is right for you. Routine, low-stakes case. The full Building Trust QA stack runs on the deliverable; you sign your own letter on the back of it. £50 / case

One thing to know. When we receive your case we run the same four-dimension triage on the actual facts of your lease. If our reading disagrees with yours, we'll explain why in the Risks section of your deliverable and offer you the option to upgrade. Your initial choice doesn't lock you in. Stream 1 £50 / Stream 2 £225 / Stream 3 £550.

Pick your situation

Tell us what's actually going on.

A water leak needs different facts than a service charge dispute. Pick the situation closest to yours and we'll give you the right diagnostic prompts. Most cases take 8–12 minutes to record.

!
Accuracy matters more than completeness. Every deliverable, Stream 1, 2, or 3, is only as accurate as the facts you give us. If you don't know something, please say "I don't know" instead of guessing. Every prompt has an I don't know hint that tells you what to look for. Most users answer 4 of the prompts; the rest are "I don't know" and that's normal. The "I don't know" answers are doing real work for us. They tell us what to ask the freeholder.
📄
Don't have your lease? Add £10 to your case and we'll fetch the official copy from HM Land Registry for you, usually back within 24 hours. Just tick "Get my lease for me" when you send your case (or mention it in your email). Prefer to do it yourself? HMLR sells the official copy for £7 with same-day email delivery.
If you're a leaseholder, pick the closest situation
If you're a director with a leaseholder dispute · lease-cited cases only; we don't do governance, compliance audits, or agent performance here
Or
Water leak / damage

What we need to know about the leak.

Where it's coming from, what's been said, who's been blamed, what evidence exists. The lease will tell us who's responsible for the repair and the cost. Your job is to tell us the facts; ours is to find the clauses.

1
Who you are and the building

Your name and flat number. Building address or postcode. Roughly how many flats. Are you a director / freehold-company shareholder, or just a leaseholder. Who owns the freehold (leaseholder-owned company, private landlord, developer). Managing agent name, if any.

2
Where is the water coming from?

Above your flat / below / common parts (roof, external wall, communal pipework) / outside the building / unknown. If you can describe the route the water takes (which ceiling, which wall, which time of day), say so.

If you don't know: say "I don't know where it's coming from" plainly. Photos with dates help us infer the source. A plumber's or surveyor's report is gold. If you've had neither, that's fine.
3
When did it start, is it ongoing, has it happened before?

Approximate date the leak first appeared. Whether it's stopped, ongoing, or intermittent. Whether anything similar has happened to your flat or your neighbour's before. Don't worry about exact dates, rough months are fine.

4
The lease itself (PDF)

Send us the file — we'll find every clause that matters for the leak, the repair split, and the recovery route. You don't need to read or interpret anything yourself; that's the whole point.

Don't have a copy? Buy from HM Land Registry for £7 (emailed the same day), or add the £10 retrieval option when you send your case and we'll fetch it within 24 hours.
5
Who's been blamed, and what have they said?

Whose fault has anyone said it is so far: you, the neighbour above, the freeholder, the managing agent, "no one yet". Quote anything specific that's been written or said. Forward emails if you have them.

6
Insurance: has anyone made a claim?

Has the building insurance been notified? Has a claim been opened? Who paid the excess (or who's been asked to)? Has the insurance schedule been shared with you?

If you don't know: the lease usually says the freeholder must insure the building and recharge the premium via the service charge. Ask them in writing: "Please confirm the building insurance has been notified, the claim reference, and the policy excess." Don't pay an excess until that's clear.
7
What you've spent or lost so far

Repairs paid out of pocket. Contents replaced. Decorating costs. Time off work, professional fees, plumbers, surveyors. Best estimate of the total; itemised if you can.

8
What evidence you have

Lease PDF (essential). Photos or video of the damage with dates. Plumber, surveyor, dehumidifier reports. All correspondence with the freeholder, managing agent, neighbour, insurer. Insurance schedule. Anything else that documents the timeline.

9
Outcome you want

Repair done by a specific party. Reimbursement for what you've already paid. Insurer to settle. Freeholder to chase the neighbour. Confirmation in writing of who pays next time. By when.

Stream 2 (£225) review on a leak case usually means a clause-cited demand letter to the freeholder, managing agent, or neighbour, with the relevant lease wording quoted and a deadline. £225 / case.

Service charge feels too high

What we need to know to challenge a service charge.

"Too high" turns into a winnable case when we can pin it to a specific year, a specific line item, or a specific procedural failure. The questions below are how we get there.

1
Who you are and the building

Your name and flat number. Building address. Number of flats. Freeholder name. Managing agent name and how long they've been in post.

2
Year(s) you're disputing and total amount

Which service charge year(s): e.g. 2024-25, the last three years, "the new budget for next year". Total bill in pounds and the rough amount you think is wrong.

If you don't know the year: the demand should show the period covered (e.g. "1 April 2024 to 31 March 2025"). If it doesn't, that's itself a problem, tell us.
3
What specifically looks wrong?

Pick the closest: specific line items that look excessive (which ones?) / overall increase year-on-year is too steep / no breakdown given / charged for things that shouldn't be in the service charge / I just feel it's too much. Quote line items where you can.

4
What documents have you been sent? s.21B LTA 1985

Did you get an itemised demand? A budget at the start of the year? Year-end audited accounts? A summary of rights and obligations attached to the demand? Yes / No / I don't know which is which.

If you don't know: service charge demands must by law include a "Summary of Tenants' Rights and Obligations" (s.21B Landlord and Tenant Act 1985). Forward the demand and any supporting papers you have, and we'll verify whether all the required documents are present.
5
Have you compared to last year (or the year before)?

Big jumps in any specific line? Same total but different shape? Reserves growing or shrinking? Or: I don't have last year's accounts.

6
Have you already written asking for a breakdown?

Yes: quote what you asked and what came back. No, that's fine. Drafted but not sent: tell us. s.21/22 LTA 1985 right to inspect

What's s.21/22? You have a statutory right to (a) request a written summary of service charge costs and (b) inspect the underlying invoices and receipts. The freeholder has 1 month (summary) or 21 days (inspection) to comply. We'll draft this letter for you if it's the right next move.
7
The lease itself (PDF)

Send us the file — we'll read the service charge clause, the recovery covenant, and any caps or exclusions. We tell you what they can lawfully recover and what they can't.

Don't have a copy? Buy from HM Land Registry for £7 (same-day email), or add the £10 retrieval option when you send your case and we'll fetch it within 24 hours.
Don't have your lease? Get it from HM Land Registry for £7. The service charge clause is the single most important thing to send us: it defines what is and isn't recoverable.
8
Outcome you want

Refund of overcharge. Reduction in next year's budget. Written explanation. RTM / new managing agent. Tribunal application. Be specific.

Stream 2 (£225) review on a service charge case usually means a clause-cited s.21 statutory request and/or a Tribunal-ready challenge letter under s.27A LTA 1985. £225 / case. If an s.27A application has already been filed (yours or theirs), this is Stream 3 + specialist territory: we build the hand-off package, a property litigation specialist runs the proceedings.

Backcharged historic costs · s20B

The 18-month rule. s.20B LTA 1985

If a freeholder tries to charge you for a cost more than 18 months after they incurred it, and they didn't give you a written "notice of intention to recover" within that 18 months, you may not have to pay. We need the dates to know.

1
Who you are and the building

Name, flat number, building address. Freeholder and managing agent.

2
What's the cost and what's it for?

Description (e.g. major works to the roof, insurance back-payment, contractor invoice). Amount in pounds: the building total and your share.

3
When was the work done or the cost incurred?

Approximate date the contractor was paid by the freeholder, or the work was completed. A year is usually enough.

If you don't know: ask the managing agent in writing: "Please confirm the date the cost was incurred and supply the supplier invoice." Without that date, s20B can't be tested.
4
When did the demand for it arrive?

Date on the demand letter, or the year it appeared in the service charge accounts. The 18 months runs from cost to demand (or notice).

5
Did you receive a "notice of intention to recover" within 18 months of the cost?

Yes / No / I don't know what this is.

What is it? A written letter from the freeholder or managing agent saying "we have incurred this cost and will recover it from you in due course." It must be issued within 18 months of the cost itself. s.20B sets this out. Send us what you have and we'll check whether the notice was issued on time.
6
How is the cost being demanded now?

Lump sum demand. Added to a balancing charge at year-end. Spread across the next budget. Tell us how it's hitting you.

7
What evidence do you have?

The demand letter or accounts entry. Any older correspondence about the work. AGM minutes or notes. The original s20 consultation if there was one. Send what you have; don't worry about gaps.

8
Outcome you want

Cost written off. Refund if you've already paid. Confirmation in writing that no more historic costs will be raised. We'll calibrate the letter to that.

Stream 2 (£225) review on s20B is a clause-cited reservation-of-rights letter that quotes the legislation, the dates, and gives the freeholder a deadline to withdraw or substantiate. £225 / case.

Major works S20 consultation

What stage are you at? s.20 LTA 1985

S20 has three stages and tight timing. The questions below tell us where you are and what's been done correctly. If procedure has slipped, that's leverage.

1
Who you are and the building

Name, flat, building, freeholder, managing agent.

2
Stage of consultation

Stage 1 (Notice of Intention) / Stage 2 (Notice of Estimates) / Stage 3 (award and works starting) / I don't know.

If you don't know: forward the most recent letter from the managing agent and we'll classify it. Stage 1 says "we intend to carry out works". Stage 2 has at least two contractor estimates attached. Stage 3 names the chosen contractor. We'll identify which stage you're in.
3
What's the work and what does it cost?

Description (roof, lifts, decorations, fire works). Estimated total cost for the building and your share. The S20 threshold is £250 per leaseholder per qualifying-work item; above that, full consultation is required.

4
Were the 30-day windows respected?

Stage 1 needs 30 days for leaseholders to nominate contractors. Stage 2 needs 30 days for observations on estimates. Yes / No / unclear.

If you don't know: forward the notice and any correspondence about the deadlines and we'll verify whether the 30-day windows were respected. That's a technical read.
5
Have you submitted observations?

Yes (paste or attach) / No / drafted but not sent. What were your concerns: cost, scope, contractor choice, timing, alternatives?

6
Did the freeholder consult on alternatives?

Did they obtain a leaseholder-nominated estimate at Stage 2? Did they explain why they chose the contractor they chose? Yes / No / unclear.

7
Outcome you want

Stop the works. Reduce the scope. Force a different contractor. Recover overpayment. Get a Tribunal "dispensation" challenge ready.

Stream 2 (£225) review on a live S20 produces a procedural-failure schedule and a Tribunal-ready observations letter under s.27A. Time-sensitive, we prioritise these. £225 / case. If a Tribunal application has already been filed, this is Stream 3 + specialist territory.

Lease extension

Lease extension is a numbers game with deadlines.

Years remaining, premium offered, whether a formal s.42 notice has been served. The legal landscape has shifted with the Leasehold and Freehold Reform Act 2024, we'll tell you whether the new regime helps or hurts you.

1
Who you are and the flat

Name, flat number, building address, freeholder name. How long you've owned the flat (qualifying period rules have changed).

2
Years remaining on the lease

You don't need to work this out. LEASE-iQ pulls the original term and start date from the lease front page and calculates the years remaining. If you happen to know the figure already, mention it; otherwise just say "use the lease" and send it.

If you don't have the lease at all: add £10 to your case and we'll fetch the official copy from HM Land Registry for you, usually back within 24 hours. Or buy it yourself for £7 at HMLR.
3
What stage are you at?

Just exploring / had an informal offer from the freeholder / served a formal s.42 notice / received a counter-notice / negotiating premium / at Tribunal.

4
Premium offered or asked

Numbers in pounds. Yours, theirs, any valuation you've had. Be specific.

5
Have you instructed a solicitor and surveyor?

Solicitor: yes (name) / no / shopping. Surveyor: yes (name) / no / shopping. The two are separate roles.

6
Outcome you want

Statutory extension (90 years added, peppercorn ground rent). Informal extension (faster, riskier). A specific premium. Just to know if your offer is reasonable.

Stream 2 (£225) review on a lease extension covers the statutory route, premium reasonableness, and the LRFA 2024 transitional position. £225 / case. If a formal s.42 notice has already been served, or you're heading there, this is Stream 3 + specialist territory: we build the hand-off package, a property litigation specialist (and an enfranchisement surveyor) runs the formal route.

Demand looks wrong

Is the demand even valid? s.47/48 LTA 1987 · s.21B LTA 1985

Service charge and ground rent demands have prescribed content. If the prescribed bits are missing, the sum isn't payable until they're put right. Five quick checks.

1
What's the demand for?

Service charge / ground rent / administration charge / "fee" of some kind. Total amount. Date on the demand.

2
Does the demand show the landlord's name and address? s.47

Yes / No / I don't know.

What to look for: the actual freeholder's full legal name (not just the managing agent) somewhere on the demand. s.47 LTA 1987.
3
Does it show an England or Wales address for service of notices? s.48

Yes / No / I don't know.

What to look for: a UK postal address for serving notices on the landlord. PO boxes are usually fine. Overseas-only addresses fail. Until s.48 is satisfied, no service charge or rent is payable. s.48 LTA 1987.
4
Service charge demand: is the prescribed Summary of Rights attached? s.21B

Yes / No / I don't know what this is.

What to look for: a one-page document headed "Service Charges, Summary of Tenants' Rights and Obligations". Usually printed on the back of the demand or stapled to it. Without it, the sum isn't payable until reissued. s.21B LTA 1985.
5
Ground rent demand: is the prescribed form used? s.166 CLRA 2002

Yes / No / not applicable / I don't know.

What to look for: ground rent demands must use the prescribed form under s.166 CLRA 2002. Until they do, the rent isn't due. (Note the Leasehold and Freehold Reform Act 2024 has reduced ground rent in many situations, tell us your lease's ground rent clause and we'll check.)
6
Have you already paid?

Paid in full / partial / not paid. If you've paid an invalid demand, you may be able to reclaim, tell us when you paid and we'll calibrate the letter.

7
Outcome you want

Confirmation the demand is invalid. Withhold payment until reissued. Reclaim sums already paid. Stop the freeholder forfeiting. Be explicit.

Stream 2 (£225) review on demand validity is a paragraph-by-paragraph audit of the demand against the prescribed-content rules and a withholding letter that quotes the statute. £225 / case.

Building insurance dispute

Insurance issues fall into four buckets.

Premium too high. Commission undisclosed. Sum insured wrong. Claim refused. Tell us which one, and what you've been shown.

1
Who you are and the building

Name, flat, building, freeholder, managing agent.

2
What's the issue?

Premium feels too high / no breakdown of premium / commission to managing agent or broker not disclosed / sum insured too low or too high / claim refused or stuck. Pick one or several.

3
Have you been shown the insurance schedule?

Yes (attach) / No / asked but not received.

What to look for: a one or two page summary from the insurer showing insurer name, sum insured, premium, excess, broker, and any commission. You have a right to see this under Schedule LTA 1985.
4
Has commission to the freeholder, managing agent, or broker been disclosed?

Yes (amount?) / No / I don't know what this is.

Why it matters: from December 2023, FCA rules require any commission paid to managing agents on building insurance to be disclosed to leaseholders. Hidden commission can be challenged. Ask in writing: "Please disclose all commission, fee, or remuneration received by the freeholder, managing agent, or any related party in connection with the building insurance."
5
Sum insured: what is it, and is it reasonable?

The figure, if you've seen it. Has there been a recent reinstatement-cost-assessment? Or: I don't know.

6
Comparable quotes?

Have you obtained any quotes from another broker or insurer for comparison? Yes / No / it's not allowed (it usually is).

7
Outcome you want

Lower premium / commission refunded / different insurer / written disclosure / claim paid out / written confirmation of cover.

Stream 2 (£225) review on insurance produces a clause-cited disclosure letter under FCA rules and the lease, plus a benchmarking note if you have comparables. £225 / case.

Director side · Non-payment

One leaseholder isn't paying. What does the lease say you can do?

Service charge arrears, S20 share unpaid, ground rent, or a specific invoice. Recovery turns on the demand being valid and the lease covenant being clear. We test both, then draft the recovery letter.

1
Who you are and the building

Your name and role (director / chair / treasurer / company secretary). Building name and address. Number of flats. Freeholder structure (RMC, RTM, share of freehold). Managing agent name if any.

2
What's owed and by whom

Flat number, leaseholder name, total amount in pounds, what it covers (year[s], specific invoices, S20 contribution, ground rent). The age of the debt.

3
What demands have been issued and on what dates?

Demands sent, dates, methods (email, post). Any reminders. Any formal notices. Attach what you have.

4
Were the demands prescribed-content compliant? s.47/48 LTA 1987 · s.21B LTA 1985

Did they show the freeholder's name and address (s.47)? An England/Wales address for service of notices (s.48)? The Summary of Rights for service charge (s.21B)? Yes / No / I don't know.

Why this matters before we draft anything: if the demands weren't compliant, the sums weren't lawfully due. The leaseholder's first move at Tribunal will be to attack the demand. We test that ourselves first, and if it fails, we tell you to reissue before chasing.
5
What's the leaseholder's stated reason for not paying?

Disputes the amount / disputes the work / says the demand is invalid / can't afford / no response at all / paid late but now refusing latest year. Quote what they said.

6
The lease itself (PDF)

Send us the file — we'll find every clause that matters for recovery, forfeiture, and interest. You don't need to read or interpret anything yourself; that's the whole point.

Don't have the lease? As director you can buy the leaseholder's official copy from HM Land Registry for £7 using the flat's title number — no permission needed. Or add the £10 retrieval option when you send your case and we'll fetch it within 24 hours.
7
How much risk are you willing to take?

Recover only / open to a Tribunal application under s.27A / want a determination before forfeiture / want forfeiture on the table as leverage. Forfeiture has hard procedural rules, we'll set them out.

8
Outcome you want

Get paid in full / payment plan / Tribunal determination / formal s.146 forfeiture notice ready to serve. By when.

Stream 2 (£225) review on non-payment produces a clause-cited recovery letter, a demand-validity audit, and (if appropriate) a s.146 pre-action notice. £225 / building. If FTT proceedings are already filed, or active forfeiture is being pursued, this is Stream 3 + specialist territory: we build the hand-off package, a property litigation specialist runs the proceedings.

Director side · Leak liability

The leak's been traced to one flat. The leaseholder is refusing.

Mirror of the leaseholder leak case, role reversed. The lease decides who pays for what. Your job is to give us the facts; ours is to find the clause that puts the cost on the right person.

1
Who you are and the building

Your name and role. Building, flat numbers involved (the leaking flat and the affected flat[s]). Leaseholder name(s). Managing agent if any.

2
What evidence ties the leak to that flat?

Plumber or surveyor report (essential if you have it). Photos. Insurance loss-adjuster finding. Date the source was identified. Forward the report.

If you don't have a report: commissioning one is usually the right next step before the recovery letter. Without an independent finding, the leaseholder will deny.
3
What's the cost and what's it for?

Total in pounds, broken down (repairs to common parts, repairs to the affected flat, drying-out, decorations, professional fees, insurance excess). Itemised invoices if you have them.

4
The lease itself (PDF)

Send us the file — we'll find every clause that matters for the leaseholder repair covenant, the indemnity, and the demised-vs-common-parts split. You don't need to read or interpret anything yourself; that's the whole point.

Don't have the lease? As director you can buy the leaseholder's official copy from HM Land Registry for £7 using the flat's title number — no permission needed. Or add the £10 retrieval option when you send your case and we'll fetch it within 24 hours.
5
Insurance position

Has the building insurance paid? Is there an excess? Has the insurer subrogated against the leaseholder? Has the leaseholder's contents insurer been involved? If the policy explicitly waives subrogation against leaseholders, recovery may be limited, tell us if you know.

6
What's the leaseholder said?

Refused outright / disputes liability / disputes the cost / no response / said insurer should pay. Quote what they said. Forward correspondence.

7
Outcome you want

Reimbursement of the excess / full cost / contribution / written acceptance of liability for any future recurrence. By when. Whether you're prepared to escalate.

Stream 2 (£225) review on a leaseholder leak claim produces a clause-cited demand letter under the leaseholder's covenants and indemnity, plus a position on subrogation. £225 / building.

Director side · Lease breach

A leaseholder is doing something the lease doesn't allow.

Subletting without consent, short-let / Airbnb, pets, alterations, business use, parking, noise, blocked-up vents. Enforcement starts with a precise read of the covenant they've breached.

1
Who you are and the building

Director name and role. Building. Flat in question and leaseholder name.

2
What are they doing?

Be specific: short-letting via Airbnb / sublet without consent / dog of a specific size / fitted hardwood floors / running a business / blocked common-parts access / cut a hole through external wall. Dates if you know them.

3
What evidence do you have?

Listing screenshots (Airbnb / Booking.com / SpareRoom). Photos. Other leaseholder complaints. CCTV. Building entry logs. Letters from neighbours.

4
The lease itself (PDF)

Send us the file — we'll find every clause that matters for the user, alterations, subletting, or nuisance covenants. You don't need to read or interpret anything yourself; that's the whole point.

Don't have the lease? As director you can buy the leaseholder's official copy from HM Land Registry for £7 using the flat's title number — no permission needed. Or add the £10 retrieval option when you send your case and we'll fetch it within 24 hours.
5
Have you raised it with the leaseholder?

Yes: date and what was said / they replied. No / drafted but not sent / informal conversation only. Forward what you have.

6
Has the freeholder waived the breach?

Has anyone (board, agent, freeholder) accepted ground rent or service charge after becoming aware of the breach? If yes, that may waive the right to forfeit on this breach, we'll need to know.

What's waiver? Once a freeholder knows about a breach, accepting rent or service charge can waive forfeiture rights for that breach. Damages and injunctions remain, but forfeiture is gone. Tell us when you first knew, and what you accepted afterwards.
7
Outcome you want

Stop the activity / damages / consent retroactively granted / formal s.146 forfeiture notice / Tribunal determination of breach. Risk appetite.

Stream 2 (£225) review on a lease breach produces a clause-cited cease-and-desist letter, a waiver position, and (if appropriate) a s.146 pre-action notice. £225 / building. If a Tribunal s.168 application is already filed, or active forfeiture is being pursued, this is Stream 3 + specialist territory.

Director side · Demand defence

A leaseholder is challenging your demand on a technicality.

Mirror of the leaseholder demand-validity case, role reversed. They're saying the demand isn't valid. We test the same five things they're testing, and either confirm so you can fix it, or stand the demand up.

1
Who you are and the building

Director name and role. Building. Flat in question and leaseholder name.

2
What's their challenge?

Demand isn't valid / no Summary of Rights / wrong landlord name / no s.48 address / wrong amount / charge isn't recoverable under the lease / S20 not done. Quote what they said. Forward the letter.

3
Send us the demand they're attacking

The exact PDF or email of the demand. We'll audit it line by line against the prescribed-content rules.

4
Is the demand prescribed-content compliant? s.47/48 LTA 1987 · s.21B LTA 1985 · s.166 CLRA 2002

You may not know yet, that's what we're checking. If you've already audited it, tell us your read.

What we check: (1) freeholder name and address shown, (2) UK service-of-notice address shown, (3) Summary of Rights attached for service charge, (4) prescribed form used for ground rent, (5) the underlying charge is recoverable under the lease's service charge clause.
5
The lease itself (PDF)

Send us the file — we'll read the service charge clause and tell you whether the underlying charge is recoverable under the wording. The leaseholder's challenge stands or falls on that read; we do it for you.

6
Have other leaseholders paid the same demand?

All / most / split / nobody yet. If everyone's paid except this one, that's leverage. If many are challenging, the issue may be real.

7
Outcome you want

Stand the demand up and get paid / fix the demand and reissue / withdraw and reissue with corrected content / Tribunal determination of payability under s.27A.

Stream 2 (£225) review on a demand defence produces a paragraph-by-paragraph audit of the demand against the statutory rules, a clause-cited reply rebutting (or accepting) each ground, and a reissue if anything genuinely failed. £225 / building.

Not sure / something else

The general prompts.

If your situation doesn't fit a pattern above, walk us through it using these prompts. Treat them as talking points, not a script.

1
Who you are and the building

Your name and flat number. The building name, address, or postcode. Roughly how many flats. Your role: leaseholder, director, or shareholder. Who owns the freehold. Managing agent name and how long.

2
The problem in one sentence

Like a news headline. "My freeholder is asking me to pay a 2019 invoice in 2026."

3
What's been happening, in date order

When the problem first appeared. Who you contacted, when, and what was said. What's happened since.

4
What you've already tried

Letters, emails, contractors, documents you've requested, advice you've already had.

5
What you currently think is going on, and why

Your read of who's at fault and what your rights are. Don't worry about being right. Tell us the working theory. We'll confirm or correct it with citations.

6
Outcome you want and how urgent it is

Specific: a repair, reimbursement, a letter, a Tribunal application, "just want to know my rights." Timeline.

7
What evidence and documents you have

Lease (essential). Articles of association if you're a director. Reports, photos, correspondence, accounts, demands.

Not sure which stream? Use the calculator below or send us the brief and we'll tell you. £50 / case for Stream 1, £225 / case for Stream 2.

What you get back

Within 24 hours of receiving everything.

A single document, written so you can read it, share it with a co-leaseholder, hand it to your solicitor, or read it to your board.

Plain-English summary

The whole situation in a paragraph. No jargon. The first thing your solicitor or board would want to read.

Clause-cited lease analysis

What your lease actually says, quoted with clause numbers, about the question in front of you. Not what people think it says.

A ready-to-send letter

We write it. You sign it. Addressed to the right party (freeholder, managing agent, neighbour, leaseholder), with the lease wording quoted and a deadline. Stream 2 includes solicitor sign-off and the firm's name on the letterhead.

What happens next, costed

If the letter doesn't land, the deliverable tells you what comes after, what each step costs, and how to brief a solicitor. So you know your full path before you commit.

After you send the letter, the freeholder or MA will do one of four things.

The deliverable names each pattern, tells you which is most likely for your situation, and gives you the next move for each.

Response A · Settle

They concede the point

A clause-cited letter, especially one with solicitor sign-off, often produces a quick climb-down. Your next move: get the concession in writing, dated, and on letterhead.

Response B · Counter-argue

They reply with their version

They challenge a fact, cite a different clause, or raise something you didn't mention. Your next move: read the reply against the lease again. Stream 3 handles this for you; for Stream 1 and Stream 2, you can upgrade at this point.

Response C · Silence

No response at all

Common, especially if your letter was strong. Your next move: send a short follow-up referencing the date of your first letter and giving a final deadline. The deliverable includes the template.

Response D · Escalate

They threaten formal action

A county court claim, a Tribunal application, or a forfeiture threat. Rare in response to a clause-cited letter, but it happens. From here, Stream 3 (£550) builds the hand-off package: brief, audit, drafted letters, two rounds of reply-and-respond on file. A property litigation specialist runs the actual proceedings. We can introduce you.

Most cases land at Response A or B. We will tell you which response is most likely, given the position on file, in the Risks section of your deliverable.

Choose your tier

Three tiers. Pick the level of help you want.

Stream 1 hands you the brief and letter to send yourself. Stream 2 adds an independent solicitor sign-off. Stream 3 keeps going for two rounds of reply-and-respond. See what runs on every case →

Stream 1 · you write your own letter, we do the reading

LEASE-iQ Brief

£50 /case
Self-serve, AI-assisted, no solicitor sign-off.
Right for you when: the stakes are modest, the legal position is clear, you're at an early stage of escalation, and you're comfortable signing your own letter on the back of our process.
  • Strategic Note: situation, lease analysis, three-track next steps
  • Two draft letters: Letter A (you, in tort) + Letter B (Management Company, contractual)
  • Solicitor briefing summary: one-pager you can take to your own solicitor
  • Full internal QA stack: see the seven layers below
  • 24-hour turnaround from your voice note + lease
Stream 2 · a solicitor's name behind the letter

LEASE-iQ Brief + Legal Review

£225 /case
Everything in Stream 1, plus an independent solicitor sign-off.
Right for you when: the money is real, the position is contested, or you're heading to a Tribunal or court. The peace-of-mind tier.
  • Everything in Stream 1, plus:
  • Independent solicitor reviews the letters before they leave (the lease analysis has been verified by our QA stack. The solicitor's scope is the letter)
  • Solicitor edits applied to the letters before sending
  • Sign-off page with name, firm, SRA number and date in the deliverable
  • Or take it to your own specialist: we'll provide a template to send to your own property solicitor (see below)
  • 48-hour turnaround (24h from us + 24h max for solicitor sign-off)
Stream 3 · if they fight back, we keep going

LEASE-iQ Brief + Two-round handling + 15-min call

£550 /case
Everything in Stream 2, plus a human walks you through the letter and reads each reply.
Right for you when: you have been stuck for months. The freeholder or managing agent keeps moving the goalposts. You want someone holding the pen and the phone until the case lands. Once the other side sees you understand the lease and the statute, the ambiguity collapses and the case moves. Most settle inside two rounds. If yours doesn't, you walk away with a Tribunal-ready file you can take to a property solicitor.
  • Everything in Stream 2, plus:
  • 15-minute call with us to walk through the letter before it goes
  • We read the reply when it lands. Compare against the position on file
  • We write your next letter, clause-cited, statute-cited, sent for solicitor sign-off
  • Two rounds of reply-and-respond included. Most cases settle inside this.
  • Tribunal-ready file at the end if it doesn't, so you can hand it to a solicitor or take it to FTT yourself
  • Single human point of contact from start to finish
Three situations where you'll want a property solicitor on the file, not just on sign-off. First-tier Tribunal applications where the freeholder has a solicitor on the case. Lease extensions where the premium is contested over £25k. Any forfeiture process. Stream 3 includes a sign-off solicitor and the deliverable is built so you can hand it to a specialist if it goes that distance.

The same seven-layer QA stack runs on every case

Pre-flight, clause extraction, cross-model review, Claude self-check, operator sign-off. Stream 1 isn't "lighter" QA: it's the same internal rigour. Stream 2 adds an eighth layer, an independent solicitor's name on the letter.

Or read the full framework: four dimensions to triage

How much could you lose or recover? £

LowUnder £2.5k. Small dispute, modest repair cost.
Medium£2.5k to £10k. Typical leak, damage, or single-year service charge.
High£10k or more, or formal action. Major works, multi-year service charge, lease extension, FTT, court.

Legal complexity

ClearStandard pattern. Lease wording unambiguous, single track, cooperative counterparty.
MixedTwo-track liability. Third-party rights questions. Interpretive judgement.
DisputedUnusual provisions. Hostile counterparty. Novel points.

How long has this been going on?

RecentUnder 3 months, a few emails. Still in the initial exchange.
Ongoing3 to 12 months, several rounds. Patterns of delay or partial responses are visible.
Stuck for ages12+ months, 20+ emails or letters. The other side is not going to be moved by another letter alone.

Stage of escalation

EarlyFirst letter. Information-gathering. Notice-of-issue.
EscalatingFormal demands. Deadlines. Reservation of rights.
FormalFTT, court, s.146. Solicitor sign-off effectively essential.
The rule. Stream 1 is the default for routine, low-stakes, single-track cases, and most leasehold problems are that. Stream 2 is recommended the moment any of the three dimensions crosses the medium threshold. Stream 2 is essential when stakes are high, the position is disputed, or you're within reach of formal action.

Want to skip the calculator? Look up your situation directly.

16 common patterns mapped to Stream 1 or Stream 2, with the procedural reason for each. Useful for a quick gut check before you commit time to the calculator above.

If you're uncertain

Choose Stream 1 first. After we've run the analysis we will flag, in plain English in the Risks section, whether we think your case is one where solicitor sign-off would meaningfully sharpen your position. You can upgrade to Stream 2 at that point and we'll re-issue the deliverable with the solicitor review applied. We don't push the upgrade unless we genuinely think it adds value to your specific case.

Stream 2: your solicitor, or ours.

Option 1 · The default

Use our reviewing solicitor

The Stream 2 and Stream 3 review is provided by Bitesh Solanky, an independent property solicitor working with Building Trust through his own consultancy, True Counsel Limited. Bitesh spent five years as Head of Corporate & Commercial Legal Services at FirstPort, the UK's largest residential property manager, before director-level legal roles at Emeria UK and Poundland, plus earlier private practice in commercial and property law since 2001. The deliverable's sign-off page shows Bitesh's name and the date.

Bitesh personally holds a small minority equity stake in Building Trust (3%). The legal review is invoiced through True Counsel Limited (England & Wales, company no. 10945466) at arm's length and disclosed to every Stream 2 and Stream 3 user. More about the team →

Option 2 · Take it to your own

Use your own specialist property solicitor

Prefer your own lawyer? We'll send you the briefing summary, the two letters, and a paste-ready email template you can send to your solicitor asking for a sign-off review. Insist on a specialist property solicitor. Not a general practitioner.. Where to find one:

  • LEASEGovernment-backed Leasehold Advisory Service. Free initial advice + specialist directory.
  • ALEPAssociation of Leasehold Enfranchisement Practitioners (specialists only).
  • Law Society Find a SolicitorFilter by "Residential property" or "Leasehold enfranchisement".
  • Property Litigation AssociationSpecialists in property dispute litigation.
PDF Email-your-solicitor template Paste-ready · 1 page
✓✓
Two principles we hold ourselves to. Consumer fairness, transparent pricing, honest scope, no upselling, our reviewing solicitor's commercial relationship disclosed. Leasehold accuracy, clause-cited from the actual lease, privity correctly framed, the right entity addressed in each letter, the right route to enforcement. Both apply to every case, every tier.

This is information, not legal advice. Building Trust LEASE service provides clause-cited information based on your lease. For any formal step (Tribunal, court, s.146), you'll need a property litigation specialist; Stream 3 builds the hand-off package they need and we can introduce you. Stream 1 and Stream 2 are for pre-proceedings letters and positioning. You can always take the deliverable to a solicitor of your choosing using the directory above.

All prices exclude VAT. Building Trust isn't currently VAT-registered; we'll add 20% when that changes.

About Stream 2. Independent review and sign-off is by Bitesh Solanky, an experienced UK property solicitor, working through his consultancy True Counsel Limited (England & Wales company no. 10945466). True Counsel is not an SRA-regulated firm and Stream 2 is not regulated legal advice. For arrears recovery, contested proceedings, court or Tribunal litigation, or anything requiring conduct of litigation under Section 14 of the Legal Services Act 2007, instruct an SRA-regulated solicitor.

Who it's for

Three types of user. One process.

The output adapts to who you are, the structure of your building, and the remedies actually open to you. We don't recommend you call an EGM if there's no company you're a member of.

Leaseholder

You own a flat

Water leak, service charge dispute, alterations consent question, an argument with the managing agent, or "something feels off." You don't need to be a director or shareholder to use this.

Director

You sit on the freehold company

You're trying to make decisions that are legally defensible, prepare for a board meeting, communicate clearly with leaseholders, or work out where you have personal exposure. The output is suitable for board minutes.

Share of Freehold

You hold a share of the freehold

You have a leaseholder's rights AND a shareholder's rights. The two stacks together are usually more powerful than either alone. The output uses both.

For directors and freeholders

Same process. Other side of the dispute.

If a leaseholder isn't paying their service charge, refusing access for repair, subletting without consent, altering without consent, running a business in breach of the user covenant, or attacking your demand — the route is the same as the leaseholder pathway above. Send us the lease and a 90-second voice note. Within 24 hours: a clause-cited brief and a ready-to-send letter to the leaseholder. Same tiers. Same prices. Same QA stack. Just pointed the other way.

Why the process is the same.

Every leasehold dispute turns on three things: what the lease says, what the statute says, and which side bears the burden of proof. We don't care which side you sit on — LEASE-iQ reads the lease and the statute the same way for everyone. Most disputes resolve when both sides have the facts. If you're a director or share-of-freeholder, you usually have the lease, the demand record, and the covenant chain on your side — you just need it organised, clause-cited, and put in a letter the leaseholder takes seriously.

1

Pick your situation

Common director-side disputes: non-payment, access refusal, unconsented sublet, unconsented alteration, breach of user covenant, defending your demand. The pack tells us which clauses and statutes to lean on.

2

Send the lease + a voice note

Email the lease (PDF), a 90-second voice note describing the dispute, and any supporting evidence — the unpaid demand, the access refusal email, photos of the unconsented works, the listing on Airbnb. To adam.street@building-trust.uk.

3

We read with LEASE-iQ

LEASE-iQ finds the covenant they're breaching, the statutory framework that applies, and the cure-or-remedy position. The seven-layer QA stack catches ambiguity and documents every clause cited.

4

You get the brief and the letter back

Within 24 hours: a clause-cited brief identifying the breach, a ready-to-send letter citing the lease wording and the remedy, and a Risks section flagging anything ambiguous you should know before sending.

Common director / freeholder dispute packs.

Leaseholder not paying service charge. A demand letter that audits your own demand for s.21B and s.47/48 compliance first (so they can't reject it on technicalities), then cites the rent-and-charge reservation, the unpaid balance, and the remedy. Note: actual arrears recovery via court is litigation territory — we brief you, you instruct an SRA-regulated solicitor for the proceedings.
Refusing access for inspection or repair. Letter citing the access covenant in the lease, the statutory backdrop (s.11 LTA 1985 and s.4 Defective Premises Act 1972), and a deadline. Often resolves the moment they see the clause they signed.
Subletting without consent. Letter citing the alienation covenant, the consent procedure under s.19 Landlord and Tenant Act 1988, and a deadline to either obtain retrospective consent or terminate the sublet.
Alterations without consent. Letter citing the alterations covenant, the consent procedure, and the remedies available — reinstatement at the leaseholder's cost, or retrospective consent on terms.
Business use or short-let in breach of user covenant. Letter citing the user covenant, the relevant case law (e.g. Nemcova v Fairfield Rents [2016] for short lets), and a cease-and-desist deadline.
Defending your demand. The leaseholder is challenging your demand on s.21B, s.47/48, or Section 19 reasonableness — we audit what you've sent, identify what to fix, and draft your reply.
Stream 1 · you sign your own letter, we do the reading

Clause-cited brief + draft letter

£50 /case
Self-serve, AI-assisted, no solicitor sign-off.
Right for you when: the breach is clear, the lease wording is on your side, and a well-drafted clause-cited letter usually settles it. Most subletting and alteration disputes resolve at this stage.
  • Clause-cited brief showing the covenant breached and the relevant statute
  • Ready-to-send letter citing the lease wording, the breach, and the remedy
  • Risks section flagging anything ambiguous in the lease that might change the position
  • Full internal QA stack (same seven layers as the leaseholder pathway)
  • 24-hour turnaround
Stream 2 · an experienced solicitor's name behind the letter

Brief + letter + independent review

£225 /case
Everything in Stream 1, plus an independent solicitor review and sign-off.
Right for you when: the dispute is contested, the leaseholder has lawyered up, or you simply want a solicitor's name behind the letter. The same words land harder when the recipient sees who reviewed them.
  • Everything in Stream 1, plus:
  • Independent solicitor reviews the analysis and the letter
  • Sign-off page with name, firm, and date
  • 48-hour turnaround (24h from us + up to 24h for sign-off)

Note on scope. Independent review is by Bitesh Solanky working through True Counsel Limited (England & Wales co. 10945466). True Counsel is not an SRA-regulated firm and Stream 2 is not regulated legal advice. For arrears recovery, contested service-charge Tribunal proceedings, court litigation, or anything requiring conduct of litigation under Section 14 LSA 2007 — instruct an SRA-regulated solicitor. We can give you a hand-off package.

Stream 3 · if they fight back, we keep going

Brief + letter + two rounds + 15-min call

£550 /case
Everything in Stream 2, plus a human walks you through the letter and reads each reply.
Right for you when: the dispute has been running for months, the leaseholder is digging in, or you need someone holding the pen and the phone until the case lands. Most cases settle inside two rounds once the leaseholder sees the lease and the statute laid out clearly. If yours doesn't, you walk away with a Tribunal-ready or solicitor-ready file.
  • Everything in Stream 2, plus:
  • 15-minute call with us before the letter goes
  • We read the reply and update the position
  • We write your next letter, sent for solicitor sign-off
  • Two rounds of reply-and-respond included
  • Tribunal-ready or solicitor-ready file at the end if it doesn't settle
  • Single human point of contact from start to finish

Director or freeholder, ready to start?

Send the lease, a 90-second voice note, and any evidence of the breach. Brief and letter back to you within 24 hours.

Send your case →

Get started.

Within 24 hours of getting your recording and lease, we send you a clause-cited answer and a ready-to-send letter that addresses your specific dispute. Stream 1 £50 / case. Stream 2 £225 / case with independent solicitor sign-off.

adam.street@building-trust.uk →

We treat your lease and recording as private to you. Used only to answer your question. Never shared. Never used to train any AI model.

1 Read the briefing note above. Eight short prompts.
2 Record a voice note. WhatsApp, Loom, or your phone's audio recorder.
3 Email the recording, your lease (PDF), and any supporting evidence to adam.street@building-trust.uk.
4 Read the answer back within 24 hours.
Frequently asked

The questions people ask before they send.

If yours isn't answered here, ask in your recording. We'll address it in the response.

Is my lease confidential?

No. Leases are public documents. Anyone can buy a copy of yours from HM Land Registry for £7 if they have the address. What we commit to is different: we treat the copy you send us as private to you. We use it only to answer your question. We do not share it with anyone else, and we do not use it to train any AI model. If we ever wanted to use anonymised case material to improve LEASE-iQ, we would ask you first.

What's the difference between Stream 1, 2, and 3?

All three run the same multi-stage workflow and deliver the same Strategic Note, draft letter, and solicitor briefing summary. Stream 2 adds an independent solicitor's sign-off (Bitesh Solanky, working through his own consultancy). Stream 3 adds two rounds of reply-and-respond on top of Stream 2: when the freeholder or managing agent replies, we read it, update the position, and write your next letter. Stream 1 is right for routine, low-stakes cases. Stream 2 is recommended the moment stakes, complexity, or stage cross a threshold. Stream 3 is for cases that have been running for months and need someone holding the pen until the matter lands. See the triage matrix and risk calculator in the "Choose your tier" section above.

Can I upgrade from Stream 1 later?

Yes. If after running our analysis we think your case wants solicitor sign-off, we'll flag it in plain English in the Risks section of the deliverable. You can upgrade at that point to Stream 2 or Stream 3 and we'll re-issue with the solicitor review applied. We don't push the upgrade unless we genuinely think it adds value to your specific case.

Do I have to use Building Trust's reviewing solicitor for Stream 2 or Stream 3?

No. With Stream 2 or Stream 3 you can either use our reviewing solicitor (the default, fast turnaround, sign-off page in the deliverable) or take the briefing summary, the letter, and our paste-ready email template to your own specialist property solicitor. We provide directory links to LEASE, ALEP, the Law Society, and the Property Litigation Association so you can find a specialist if you don't already have one. We strongly recommend a specialist property solicitor rather than a general practitioner. Leasehold law is its own world.

Does Building Trust's reviewing solicitor have any commercial relationship with Building Trust?

Yes, and we disclose it. Our reviewing solicitor, Bitesh Solanky, personally holds a small minority equity stake in Building Trust (3%). The legal review engagement is provided through Bitesh's own consultancy, True Counsel Limited (England & Wales, company no. 10945466), at arm's length, on standard professional terms, and disclosed to every Stream 2 and Stream 3 user. If you'd prefer a fully independent solicitor with no equity link, choose Option 2 above (your own solicitor). The deliverable contents are identical.

How is this different from typing into LEASE-iQ in a chat?

Most people leave out the things that matter most when they type: what they want as an outcome, how urgent it is, and what they currently believe is true. The briefing note prompts you for those, and the output ranks your options accordingly.

Do I need to be a director or share-of-freeholder?

No. Most users are simply leaseholders. The output adapts to your role and the structure of your building.

What if my lease is long, complicated, or unusual?

That's fine. The longer and more unusual the lease, the more useful the analysis tends to be. Long leases hide as many rights as they hide obligations.

Can I share the output with my solicitor?

Yes, please do. The clause-cited format is designed to be solicitor-readable. It can save your solicitor billable hours.

How quickly will I hear back?

Within 24 hours of receiving your recording and your lease. If we need anything else from you, we'll come back the same day.

What does "feedback at the end" involve?

Two short questions in the email when we send the answer. If you can spare 15 minutes for a follow-up call, we'll learn even more, but the call is optional.

Is this legal advice?

No. LEASE-iQ is an information tool. It's accurate, clause-cited, and useful, but it isn't legal advice and we are not your solicitor. For anything formal (Tribunal, litigation, forfeiture, settlement), instruct a property solicitor.

Ask LEASE-iQ

Got a lease question? Type it here.

The Building Trust assistant can route you to the right page, explain a clause, or get you started with LEASE-iQ. First question is free.

Want a written, clause-cited answer in 24 hours instead? Talk to us →